7/5/2008 · Kategori:
Karışık Dersler
6-16 PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND PAST INFINITIVE
a) Infinitive'in passive biçimi to be done şeklinde ifade edilir.
I don't want you to tell me what to do. I don't want to be told what to do.
I didn't expect she would invite me to her
wedding. I didn't expect to be invited to
her wedding. (Onun düğününe davet edileceğimi
ummuyordum.)
b) Infinitive'in past biçimi to have done, passive past biçimi
ise to have been done
şeklinde
ifade edilir. Infinitive'in ifade ettiği eylem yüklemden daha önce gerçekleşmişse,
past infinitive kullanmamız gerekir.
Past infinitive özellikle seem, appear, pretend gibi
fiillerle; lucky, fortunate,
happy, pleased, content, likely gibi sıfatlarla çok sık
kullanılır.
I'm happy that I passed the exam.
I'm happy to have passed the exam.
(I passed the exam sometime before now, and now I'm happy.)
She is fortunate that she received a good education. She is
fortunate to have received a good education.
It seems that you have passed the exam. You seem to have passed the exam.
It seems that
they were surprised at the news. They seem to have been surprised at the news. (Habere
şaşırmış gibi görünüyorlar.)
c) To do/to be done ile to have done/to have been done arasındaki
farkı görmek için şu
cümleleri inceleyelim:
She is fortunate that she will study abroad.
She is fortunate to study abroad.
(Yurt
dışında öğrenim göreceği için şanslı.)
She is fortunate that she studied abroad. She is fortunate to have studied abroad. (Yurt
dışında öğrenim gördüğü için şanslı.)
She is lucky that she will be sent abroad.
She is lucky to be sent abroad.
She is lucky that she was sent abroad. She is lucky to have been sent abroad.
It's likely that she is at home now. She is likely to be at home now.
It's likely that she was at home then. She is likely to have been at home then.
It seems he is given pay rises regularly. He seems to be given pay rises regularly.
It seems he was given a pay rise last
month.
He seems to have been given a pay rise
last month.
d) Seem, appear ve pretend fiillerini
present progressive infinitive (to
be doinğl ve past
progressive infinitive (to have been doing) ile
de kullanabiliriz.
It appears that they are waiting for us. They appear to be waiting for us.
It appears that they have been waiting for
us for a long time. They appear to have been waiting for us for a long
time.
e) Tell, order, ask, request, etc. gibi pek çok fiilden
sonra past Infinitive kullanılamaz.
Çünkü bu tür fiillerle infinitive, yüklemden sonra gerçekleşecek bir
eylemi ifade eder.
I asked my friends not to make so much
noise.
I told the children to be careful
while crossing the street.
He told me to be there on time.
(Bana
vaktinde orada olmamı söyledi.) (Daha sonra yapacağım bir işi söyledi.)
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