Her geçen gün, konuşma diline yeni kelimeler, deyimler ve ifadeler eklenmekte.
Toplumda, kültürde ve teknolojide yaşanan ilerlemeler ve değişimler nedeniyle zaman zaman da bazı kelimeler anlam değiştirmekte.
Dünyanın önde gelen dil uzmanlarından Profesör David Crystal, henüz İngilizce sözlüklere dahil olmasa da, günlük konuşmada yer bulan bu tür yeni sözcük ve ifadelerden bazıları konusunda kısa bilgi ve açıklama notlarını BBC okuyucuları ve dinleyicileri için kaydetti.
"Sözlüğün Ötesinde" programının her bölümünde, hem Profesör Crystal'ın yaptığı açıklamaları dinleyebilecek, hem de bu açıklamaların tam metnini okuyabileceksiniz.
Ayrıca her bölümde, öğretmenler ve öğrenciler için hazırlanan notları, soru ve yanıtları da bulacaksınız.
Sayfanın sol yanındaki her başlık, İngilizce kelime dağarcığınıza katkı, dili kullanma becerinize destek sağlayacak.
Of all the mediums that influence language, I think film is the one that has the most effect. Not so much from the point of view of pronunciation and grammar. I don't think we pick up very many sounds and grammatical instructions from the films we see – but the catchphrases. Right from the earliest days of film, catchphrases have been extracted from the film medium and "make my day" I think is one of the most famous.
Well, you may remember it, it's Clint Eastwood, isn't it, playing Dirty Harry in the film Sudden Impact. He invites an armed thug to take him on and Clint Eastwood is holding a very big gun – so he's just waiting for the thug to do something horrible, and he says "go ahead, make my day!".
Well it just caught on, it spread in meaning – people started using it, of course not with guns in their hands, they started using it within a sort of ironic circumstance. To say "make my day" means "do something that'll really please me". It implies a really big deal or something like that. In fact Clint Eastwood himself, when he was being elected mayor of Carmel, went round the whole of his little town, his little city, with a T-shirt on - "elect me mayor – make my day!" YARDIMCI DOSYALAR
Now that's a catchphrase from a film – a film title this time. I mean, people often don't take film titles and make them catchphrases. M-o-n-t-y, a name -capital 'M'. Now it had existed before as a phrase – but this was a new film, in 1997, a British film about a group of unemployed men, who take their clothes off to earn some money.
Now in fact the origin of the word is back in the 1980s, it's rather obscure word actually – nobody quite knows where it comes from. It might have come from a firm of clothing manufacturers, famous men's tailors called 'Montague Burton', a complete suit of clothing in the 1970s, 80s, you'd say, we're "wearing the full Monty" – and of course, one's talking about the lack of clothing since the film came along.
So in another words, the modern meaning of the phrase is "everything which you need" or "…is appropriate". If you're packing a suitcase you might say "I've got the full Monty now"; or you're packing a car, "I've got the full Monty"; and when this programme is over, you'll have had "the full Monty" too ….at least about this expression, anyway!
Now, nobody knows how many abbreviations there are in the English language, or in any language for that matter – half a million in one big set of dictionaries I've got: half a million abbreviations, can you imagine it! They're very important, abbreviations, because they save time and they add familiarity; it's a way of gaining rapport. I don't say "I'm in the British Broadcasting Corporation studio", I say "I'm in the BBC studio"…it adds a sort of familiarity, doesn't it.
Now there are written abbreviations and spoken abbreviations, and the written ones are the ones that are interesting today – because you can have letters like U.N. for United Nations and you can have words like UNESCO for the other organisation. Now, faqs – you've seen them a thousand times I suppose on computer screens – are computer text files containing a list of questions and answers, especially basic stuff on news groups where you want to find a quick reply.
It's not a universally spoken word. You don't say I've got some faqs – because that could be very misleading, it could sound like facts, f-a-c-t-s. So most people use it as an initialism, they spell it out: F. A. Q. And it's beginning to be used now in a more general way, outside the internet setting. People talk about F.A.Q.s in all kinds of non-computer circumstances. I saw it on a church notice board once. I'll leave you to guess what the questions were.
In the mid-1990s there was a new big, controversy that came in, wasn’t there, about genetically modified foods: foodstuffs containing genetically altered plant or animal material. And it wasn’t long before an abbreviation came along to summarise all these: genetically modified – G.M. or "genetic modification".
Now that’s a pretty technical abbreviation; you might not expect to encounter it very often, but actually, you do. Because it was controversial at the time and people didn’t know whether to put this stuff into their foods or not (and it still is controversial), you began to see it on signs – especially after 1996, when the food labelling regulations came in, and they applied in Britain in, 1999 I think it was – and from that point on, people had to say, if you were a restaurant owner or a café owner, you had to say whether your foods had G.M. in them or not – and so you walk into a restaurant these days, and you might well see a sign on the wall saying "no G.M. foods here" or "the following foodstuffs have G.M. products inside".
And people I've often asked them often asked you know, what do you think G.M. means? And they guess all sorts of things. Some people have told me it means "good morning food". Somebody else told me it was a "gold medal" food. Well – it doesn’t mean any of those things. It means "genetically modified", that’s all!
Metin (pdf - 42k)
Profesör David Crystal - "Make my day" (mp3 - 715k) 
